The use of integrin binding domain loaded hydrogel (RGD) with minimally invasive surgical technique in treatment of periodontal intrabony defect: a randomized clinical and biochemical study

Abstract Periodontal regeneration faces multiple challenges, the most important being cellular insufficiency. In an attempt to improve defect cellularity, we aimed to demonstrate enhancing cellular attraction using arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) adhesion molecule legend blended hydrogel within the intrabony defects. Methodology Forty-five intrabony defects were selected from patients with stage III or IV - grade A or B periodontitis and divided randomly into three equal groups of 15 each: group1 (G1): received minimally invasive surgical technique (MIST) alone, group2 (G2): received MIST and placebo hydrogel injection, and group3 (G3): were treated with MIST and RGD hydrogel injection. Primary outcomes 6 months following therapy were; defect base fill (DBF) and defect width measurement (DW); secondary outcomes were clinical attachment level (CAL), pocket depth (PD), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and biochemical analysis of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) evaluated at 1,7,14 and 21 days following therapy. Results Significant improvements in DBF, CAL, and PD were observed in the three studied groups 6 months following therapy compared to baseline (p<0.05). A significant improvement in DBF was reported in G3 compared to G1 and 2 (p=0.005). Additionally, a significantly higher CAL gain was reported in G3 compared to that of G1 (p=0.02). Group 3 was associated with a significantly higher level of BMP-2 compared to G1 and G2 in all reported periods. Conclusion RGD peptide carried on a hydrogel delivery agent and contained with a minimally invasive flap could be a reliable option in improving the outcomes of periodontal therapy.

Shear bond strength of composite repair system to bilayered zirconia using different surface treatments (in vitro study) / Resistência ao cisalhamento de reparos de resina composta e zircônia bicamada usando diferentes tratamentos de superfície (estudo in vitro)

Objective: the study is aimed to evaluate the effect of different surface treatment methods on shear bond strength between composite repair system and both of zirconia core and veneering porcelain and analyze the mode of failure between composite repair and ceramic surface. Material and methods: 40 Ceramic discs were fabricated with diameter of 7mm and 3mm thickness and divided according to material into two groups, Zirconia core discs (n = 20) and veneering porcelain discs (n = 20). Specimens were thermocycled and then each group was subdivided according to surface treatment method into 4 equal sub groups (n = 5) ,control subgroup I air abrasion, subgroup II Cojet, subgroup III laser, subgroup IV combination of air abrasion and laser surface treatment. Composite blocks were built up and polymerized on the surface of the specimens and shear bond strength of composite to each specimen was tested using a universal testing machine and mode of failure was evaluated using stereomicroscope. Results: Regardless of ceramic type; there was a statistically significant difference between surface treatments. Cojet recorded the highest mean shear bond strength. Laser showed the highest prevalence of adhesive failure. Porcelain + Cojet showed the highest prevalence of cohesive failure. Conclusion: Cojet surface treatment provided superior shear bond strength regardless of the ceramic type whether zirconia or porcelain. Porcelain provided superior shear bond strength values in comparison to zirconia regardless of the surface treatment method tested. Porcelain showed higher percentage of cohesive failure that while the mode of failure in zirconia was most commonly adhesive. (AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes métodos de tratamento de superfície na resistência ao cisalhamento de reparos de resina composta e núcleos de zircônia ou cobertura de porcelana, e analisar o modo de falha entre o reparo e a superfície cerâmica. Material e métodos: 40 discos de cerâmica foram fabricados com diâmetro de 7 mm e 3 mm de espessura e divididos de acordo com o material em dois grupos, discos de zircônia (n = 20) e discos de porcelana (n = 20). As amostras foram termocicladas e, em seguida, cada grupo foi subdividido de acordo com o método de tratamento de superfície em 4 subgrupos iguais (n = 5), subgrupo I :controle (abrasão a ar); subgrupo II: Cojet; subgrupo III: laser; subgrupo IV: combinação de abrasão a ar e tratamento de superfície a laser. Blocos de resina composta foram construídos e polimerizados na superfície das amostras e a resistência ao cisalhamento do compósito para cada amostra foi testada usando uma máquina de teste universal e o modo de falha foi avaliado usando o estereomicroscópio. Resultados: Independentemente do tipo de cerâmica houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os tratamentos de superfície. Cojet registrou a maior força média de união ao cisalhamento. O laser mostrou a maior prevalência de falha adesiva. Porcelana + Cojet apresentou a maior prevalência de falha coesiva. Conclusão: O tratamento superficial com Cojet proporcionou resistência superior ao cisalhamento, independentemente do tipo de cerâmica, seja zircônia ou porcelana. A porcelana forneceu valores superiores de resistência ao cisalhamento em comparação com a zircônia, independentemente do método de tratamento de superfície testado. A porcelana apresentou maior porcentagem de falha coesiva que enquanto o modo de falha na zircônia era mais comumente adesivo. (AU)

evaluation of efficacy and safety of Cough [EMA] granules used for upper respiratory disorders

Ivy leaf is used for the treatment of respiratory diseases with the intensive mucus formation, respiratory infections, and irritating cough coming from the common cold. Conferring to clinical trials, the efficacy, and tolerability of ivy leaf is good. The main compounds accountable for biological activity are triterpene and saponins. Ivy leaves show convulsive/antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, analgesic, anthelmintic and anti-thrombin activity. Not only ivy but also marshmallow and mustard seeds are used for these indications. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Cough [EMA; European Medicines Agency] granules used for upper respiratory disorders. This clinical trial was conducted on 150 patients, out of which 75 received the Cough [EMA] granules and 75 received the placebo. The age range of patients was 3 years to above 15 years. The sample paired t-test was applied to evaluate the significant level. Cough [EMA] granules were found effective in the treatment of cough, cold, and flu symptoms. The new treatment Cough [EMA] granules were safe and well tolerated in patient at given specific age group. The study recommends that Cough [EMA] granules can be used effectively in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection

rapidly developing cataract in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism: a case report

Rapidly developing cataract in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism is rare. Here we report, a case of cataract which developed rapidly and was associated with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism in a 20- year-old female patient. The case is being reported for its rarity and early diagnosis which was presented in a tertiary care hospital. For cases like these, prompt treatment is essential which may result in prevention of complications like vision loss. As per literature research via pubmed.com, this is the first case report of rapidly developing cataract in a patient of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism in Pakistan

Self medication among non medical students of Islamia University Bahawalpur

Background: Use of medicine by a patient on his own initiative or on advice of a pharmacist or a lay person instead of consulting a medical practitioner is known as self-medication. Internationally self medication has been reported as being on rise. Little has been reported on the extent of self medication practices in Pakistan

Objective: To determine prevalence and commonly used drugs in self medication among non medical students of university

Subjects and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Baghdad campus of Islamia University Bahawalpur, from 1[st] May, 2011 to 15[th] June, 2011. Predesigned questionnaire was filled by the investigators themselves

Results: The prevalence of self medication was found to be 71.2%. The most common factors which led to it were "previous experience with similar symptoms [58%]", "Pharmacist's advice [28%]" and "friend's advice [15%]"

Conclusion: Prevalence of self-medication is high even in educated youth, despite majority being aware of it to be harmful

Practice of smoking; awareness among adolescents of Abasia higher secondary school and Ummul Qura Bahawalpur

Tobacco kills nearly 6 million people each year. More than five million of those deaths are the result of direct tobacco use while more than 600 000 are the result of non-smokers being exposed to second-hand smoke. Unless urgent action is taken, the annual death toll could rise to more than eight million by 2030[1]. To reduce this heavy morbidity and mortality due to tobacco use, can only be reduced by educating the masses regarding harmful effects of tobacco use. This cross sectional study was conducted with the objective, to assess the awareness and factors responsible for smoking among adolescents in Abbasia Higher secondary school and Umm ul Qura High School, Bahawalpur. The study was carried out in Abbasia Higher secondary school and Umm ul Qura High School. Duration: From 1 May 2011 to 15 June 2011. Subject/A preformed questionnaire was used to collect data from 150 subjects included in this study. Of all the subjects, 74% were aware of smoking, 22.67% were smokers. According to this study, 76.47% of smokers said that they smoked to enjoy some occasion, 17.65% smoked due to stress and 5% for exam preparation. Students were well aware of smoking hazards; prevalence of smoking was higher in Umm ul Qura High School students

Thoracoscopic evacuation of retained post-traumatic hemothorax

Post-traumatic retained hemothorax is a major risk factor for empyema thoracis leading to prolonged hospitalization, entrapped lung and a need for decortication. VATS [Video Assisted Thoracoscopy] for retained hemothorax shortens the duration of chest tube drainage and length of stay. From December 2004 to July 2009, 110 consecutive patients underwent VATS for retained or clotted hemothoraces at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. Majority of the patients were males [n = 91; 82.7%]. Sixty-five patients [59.1%] underwent VATS within 6 days and 45 patients [40.9%] between 7 - 14 days of injury. In 8 patients [7.3%] VATS was abandoned for thoracotomy. Post VATS full lung expansion was achieved in 87 patients [79.0] with complete evacuation of hemothorax. Chest tubes were removed within the first week in 100 patients [90.9%]. In hemodynamically stable patients, VATS is a safe, reliable and effective technique for the evacuation of retained hemothorax. Early intervention within 6 days of injury avoids the need for a thoracotomy and is associated with a better short and long-term outcome

Prevalence of fluorosis among children aged 12 years, living in urban and peri-urban areas of Quetta district, Balochistan

Fluorosis is a condition of structural disorder of the tooth surface during tooth development, which is denoted as enamel hypoplasia. The most common cause of dental fluorosis is the chronic exposure to excessive fluoride particularly in drinking water at the younger age. The aims of this study were to determine prevalence of fluorosis among primary school children in urban and peri-urban areas of Quetta district. Cross sectional study. This study was conducted at Bolan Medical College, Quetta for a period of one month from March to April 2009. Clinical dental examination of school children aged 12 years was conducted for evidence of dental fluorosis using Dean's fluorosis index and the criteria mentioned in WHO oral health surveys methods 4[th] edition 1997. A total of 153 school children aged 12 years,78 [51%] boys and 75 [49%] girls, who have lived in urban and rural areas of Quetta sub district, were randomly selected from the four schools including boys and girls both. Fluorosis was found to be more prevalent in urban school children [60%] as compared with children living in peri-urban areas [47%] with OR .614 [.323, 1.166] and p-value .135. The boys had a slightly higher prevalence of fluorosis as compared with girls 56% and 52% respectively. OR .837 [.443, 1.582] and p-value .584 recorded which were not statically significant. This study highlighted the high prevalence of fluorosis, more than half of the school children, in urban and rural areas of Quetta district Pakistan. Comparatively, fluorosis is more prevalent in urban areas than in rural

Differences in tooth size ratio between male and female patients reporting to OPD of orthodontic department LUMHS, Hyderabad/ Jamshoro

This was a cross sectional study aimed to assess differences in tooth size ratio between male and female patients reporting to OPD of orthodontic department L.U.M.H.S Hyderabad/ Jamshoro. Cross sectional study. This study was conducted at the Dental OPD of Orthodontic Department, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Hyderabad/ Jamshoro. The study was carried out on 100 [50 male, 50 female] study casts. Criteria for selection of the study casts were pretreatment orthodontic casts with neutral occlusion [Angle Class I] and fully erupted permanent teeth with no dental anomalies. The individual mesiodistal tooth size was measured with a Boley's gauge. The mean and standard deviation were calculated for the size of the teeth and the interarch tooth width ratios both anterior and overall. The ratios for the tooth size were compared to the original Bolton ratio. The overall ratio was found to be 91.42 almost equivalent to the original Bolton ratio of 91.3, whereas the anterior ratio was found to be 79.02, higher than the 77.1 as calculated by Bolton. The mean values for the overall and anterior ratio for the male and female subjects determined which were not statistically significant. Standard deviations for overall and anterior ratio were larger than the Boltons' value. There were no significant differences between the mean overall and anterior tooth width ratio of males and females. Even though the values are not significantly high, a careful analysis of interarch tooth size relationship [Bolton's ratio] should be added along with other diagnostic considerations before initiating orthodontic treatment for better finishing and stability

Comparison of cephalometric norms of pleasing faces reporting to OPD of orthodontic department L.U.M.H.S Jamshoro / Hyderabad

This study was aimed to analyze cephalometric norms in Pakistani population in comparison with the standards of European-American Adults. Cross sectional study. This study was carried out at Dental OPD Department of Orthodontic Dentistry Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad/Jamshoro from August 2012 to December 2012. Cephalometric norms were analyzed on a sample of 60 patients, with full complement of permanent teeth and no previous orthodontic treatment. The consent was taken and the patients were informed for the amount of radiation exposure related to cephalometric radiography. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of the patients were exposed in centric occlusion. The cephalometric radiographs of patients were traced manually on acetate papers. Each radiograph of the patient was traced at the same sitting to minimize tracing errors. In this study nasolabial angles were measured for comparison with European-American Adults. The database of study sample measurements was developed in SPSS version 17. The arithmetic mean, range and standard deviation for all the concerned variables were determined using the above-mentioned software with the help of SPSS processor. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. The results suggest that the study sample comprised of [53.3%] males and 28 [46.7%] females. Nasolabial angle of the patients were statistically analyzed and the minimum angle noted was 90 degree, maximum was 150 degree, mean angle was 108.45 degree and standard deviation was 10.98 degrees [p < 0.001]. Females showed more sharp nasolabial angles [p < 0.01]. Comparisons revealed statistically significant differences in cephalometric norms between the study population in comparison to standers of European-American population

Smoking, knowledge about determinants among students of mbbs at qamc, bahawalpur

World Health Organization estimates that approximately 5 million people die each year world wide from Tobacco related diseases. Cigarette smoking is the commonest form of tobacco and is incidence increasing specially in teenagers and women particularly despite of increasing awareness of harmful effects of smoking. This study aims the knowledge of determinants of smoking. The objective of the study is to determine the knowledge about factors responsible for smoking. Cross sectional survey. Study was carried out in Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur. 1[st] Jan, 2010 to 31[st] May, 2010. A sample of 100 medical students of QAMC was selected according to stratified random sampling. Data was collected through pre-designed questionnaire. Out of total 100 students 94% of the students know the determinants of smoking. According to [31.30%]] of the students, tension/stress was the most important factor responsible for smoking with enjoyment [21.73%]] and style/status symbol [20.86%]. Conclusions: High proportion of students were aware of the determinants of smoking

Healing effects of natural honey on oral minor apthous ulcers among dental patients in quetta

Natural products have been used for several years in folk medicine. Among the natural medicated products, honey has an effective antibacterial potential to reduce oral pathogens and holds promise for the treatment of periodontal diseases, mouth ulcers, and other diseases of the oral cavity. As people are realizing that modern medicine is not the only remedy for infections today, so many of us are looking for the alternative approaches with least possible side effects. The purpose of this cross sectional study was to determine the effects of natural honey on healing of recurrent oral minor apthous ulcers. A total of 20 subjects, with minor oral ulcers [2-5 mm in size] visiting the oral diagnostic clinic of Dental Section, Sandeman provincial hospital, Quetta, for treatment of their painful ulcers were selected for this study, by either application of natural honey dressing or triamcinolone acetonide 0.5% in orabase. The ulcerations almost completely disappeared after three days treatment by natural honey dressing as compared to triamcinolone acetonide 0.5% in orabase. It was concluded that natural honey has an obvious influence on the rate of healing process of oral minor apthous ulcers

Xanthine oxidase inhibition by some medicinal plants.

Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity has been reported from different plants such as Cinnamomum cassia, Chrysanthemum indicum, Lycopus europaeus, Polygonum cuspidatum, Acacia confuse, Coccinia grandis, Datura metel, Strychnos nux-vomica, Vitex negundo, Coccinia grandis, Vitex negundo, Fraxinus angustifolia, Pistacia lentiscus, Hyptis obtusiflora, H. lantanaefolia, Artemisia vulgaris, Caesalpinia sappan, Blumea balsamifera, Chrysanthemum sinense, Tetracera scandens, C. sinense, Allium Cepa, Pistacia integerrima, Caesalpinia sappan and Caesalpinia sappan. This review very clearly specify that plants could be utilized for the inhibition of xathine oxidase and out of them Clerodendrum floribundum, Eremophila maculata, Stemodia grossa Benth, Eucalyptus deglupta, Syzygium malaccense and Larix laricina exhibited 84%, 61%, 57%, 51%, 64%, 86 % xanthine pxidase inhibition at concentration of 50 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 44.5 μg/ml, 51 μg/ml, 6.26mg/dl respectively.

Prevalence of tubercuosis in jail

To determine the prevalence of tuberculosis in prisoners of jail. Descriptive study. Central Jail Bahawalpur, all prisoners who were jailed in prison were included. It comprises prisoners of ten years [from 1999]. The study population comprised of 2552 prisoners, 2540 were males and 12 were females. The important variables included symptoms of patients [cough, fever, hemoptysis], age, duration of stay in jail and radiological features seen on chest X Ray. Data was analyzed on SPSS. There were 2540 males and 12 females. Forty-six patients had tuberculosis [1.80%] with mean age 37 +/- 12.07 years and their mean stay in jail was 802 +/- 1118 days. Among prisoners diagnosed as tuberculosis 39 [85%] had cough and hemoptysis was present in 10 [21.73%] of tuberculosis patients along with cough. Chest X Ray showed 22 [48%] had cavitations and bronchiectasis on chest x ray. Upper lobe alveolar infiltrates were found in 19 [41%] of cases while pleural effusion was present in 5 [11%] of tuberculosis patients. The study revealed that tuberculosis exists in jail of South Punjab Pakistan thus represents an important screening site for TB

Isolated tuberculosis thyroiditis as solitary thyroid nodule

Isolated involvement of the thyroid by tuberculosis is very rare as reported in literature. We are presenting a case of isolated tuberculous thyroiditis presented as a solitary thyroid nodule. The patient was treated with anti-tuberculous regimen and he responded well with disappearance of the nodule and normalization of the thyroid scan

[99m]Tc-nannocolloid localization of lymphorenal fistula causing chylurla

Chyluria is an abnormal condition in which chyle appears in the urine because of a fistulous communication between the lymphatics and the urinary tract. It is not life-threatening and spontaneous regression is reported in 50% of cases. Lymphangiography has been the main imaging modality for localization of the site of fistula, but it is invasive and requires expertise. Lymphoscintigraphy using Tc-99m labelled colloid is a safe, non-invasive, reproducible technique, which bears less radiation exposure. A 67-year-old male presented with 7-month history of chyluria following a spinal surgery. Bilateral lower limb lymphoscintigram revealed sluggish lymph flow in the left lower limb and visualization of tracer in the left kidney consistent with lymphorenal fistula. Subsequent cystography revealed appearance of chylous urine from left ureter. Patient refused surgery

Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus prevalence amongst community versus hospital acquired skin and soft tissue infections

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] is becoming increasingly prevalent, not only in the hospital acquired but also the community acquired infections. Skin and soft tissues are a few of the important targets for this pathogen. A study was conducted at the departments of surgery, dermatology and pathology, Combined Military Hospital, Gujranwala Cantt to know the prevalence of MRSA amongst community vs. hospital acquired skin and soft tissue infections [SSTIs]. A total of 216 community acquired and 48 hospital acquired SSTIs were included in the study. The pus swabs/pus specimens collected from all the cases were processed for routine cultures. Isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus and resistance to methicillin was detected using standard techniques. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 64.35% of the community acquired and 72.91% of the hospital acquired SSTIs. Prevalence of MRSA amongst community acquired SSTIs was 26.6% while in the hospital acquired SSTIs was 68.57%. The study indicates quite a high prevalence of MRSA amongst community acquired and a very high prevalence in hospital acquired SSTIs. Further large scale studies are required to monitor the prevalence and spread of MRSA amongst SSTIs

Knowledge and practices of the medical practitioners about management of childhood tuberculosis, Gujrat City

The objective was to describe current practices and knowledge of medical practitioners about management of childhood tuberculosis. The study was conducted in Gujrat city. It was a descriptive, epidemiological study. A sample size of 248 Doctors was obtained who were interviewed with the help of semi-structured questionnaire. Final data was analyzed with the help of EPI - INFO Computer Program. The results showed that for diagnosis of tuberculosis in children using Kenneth Jone's Criteria, only 33% of medical practitioners answered correctly. Thirty two percent of the doctors knew the correct regimen for treatment of childhood tuberculosis. About 63% doctors know at least partially the guidelines of tuberculosis management and 3% of the doctors practicing did not know and never heard about the guidelines for tuberculosis management. Majority of the doctors answered correctly about the symptoms and signs, only 39% gave advice for regular and complete course. It was concluded that knowledge among medical practitioners regarding management of childhood tuberculosis is lacking. Due to poor knowledge about the treatment regimens it is essential to update their knowledge by attending the workshops/seminars/conferences / short courses and by reading the new guidelines for management of childhood tuberculosis

Medicinal uses of bitter gourd [Momordica charantia Linn.] in District Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan

Bitter gourd [Mornordica charantia Linn.] is widely used for various diseases, with different formulations such as leaf powder, paste, decoction, infusion and pills etc. have been recommended in various medicinal treatises for different ailments. This plant plays a vital role of insulin. In local area of Sukkur Hakeems/herbalists make powder and tablets from green small immature fruit of Bitter gourd for hypoglycemic activity